Who invented scanners

Further scanner development took place due to the different tasks needed: variations of the flatbed scanner for different formats, camera scanners with freely moving lenses for three-dimensional objects, and film scanners for negatives and slides. While the first scanners could resolve 8 bits 2 8 , then 10 bits 2 10 , then 12 bits 2 12 for gray scales, today's scanners can differentiate up to 16 bits 2 16 , or 65, gray scales. However, the human eye is not capable of perceiving all of them.

SilverFast 6. Hand-held scanners, where the device is moved by hand, have evolved from text scanning "wands" to 3D scanners used for industrial design, reverse engineering, test and measurement, orthotics, gaming and other applications. Mechanically driven scanners that move the document are typically used for large-format documents, where a flatbed design would be impractical. Modern scanners typically use a charge-coupled device CCD or a contact image sensor CIS as the image sensor, whereas drum scanners, developed earlier and still used for the highest possible image quality, use a photomultiplier tube PMT as the image sensor.

A rotary scanner, used for high-speed document scanning, is a type of drum scanner that uses a CCD array instead of a photomultiplier. Non-contact planetary scanners essentially photograph delicate books and documents.

All these scanners produce two-dimensional images of subjects that are usually flat, but sometimes solid; 3D scanners produce information on the three-dimensional structure of solid objects. Digital cameras can be used for the same purposes as dedicated scanners. When compared to a true scanner, a camera image is subject to a degree of distortion, reflections, shadows, low contrast, and blur due to camera shake reduced in cameras with image stabilization.

Resolution is sufficient for less demanding applications. Digital cameras offer advantages of speed, portability and non-contact digitizing of thick documents without damaging the book spine.

As of scanning technologies were combining 3D scanners with digital cameras to create full-color, photo-realistic 3D models of objects. The detection is done via CCD or a photomultiplier tube. Search engine.. Artificial neural network.. Animation,motion picture.. Mouse computing.. Digital signature.. Z1 z2 z3 z4 computers..

Venn diagram.. Drum memory.. Ant robotics.. Macintosh computers.. Next computer.. Apple ii.. Apple lisa.. Far manager.. Rar file format.. Optical mouse.. Pointing stick.. C programming language.. Beaufort cipher.. Denso Wave Inc. Called Quick Response QR codes, they can be scanned digitally, most commonly by a smartphone. It is made up of four squares, with the first three larger ones acting as alignment targets, while the smaller square normalizes the angle and size of the shot.

The encoded data is interpreted by one of the four primary modes, although other forms of information can also be shown if your scanner has the appropriate extensions:.

As its technology evolved, QR scanners became able to read more information, including up to pixels square that held about 1, characters. Today, similar to the purpose of barcodes, QR codes are scanned in just about every possible situation, including online ticketing, inventory tracking, logistics and shipping. You can find them on fliers from bands who want you to watch their concerts online.

Companies also use them to put Google Maps addresses and directions on business cards. The rate of scanning QR codes has increased by more than a third in the last few years. Advertisers love that users can use their smartphones to read a code in a magazine or on a subway ad or poster. They serve a wide range of financial and organizational applications, and are used to price retail items, perform organizational and logistical services, keep track of shipments and manage financial documents.

To decide which one you need, you need to take these factors into consideration:. There are at least four styles of barcode scanners on the market today, that vary between their methods of output. They include:. These barcode readers are small like a pen or wand, and have a photodiode and LED light on their tips. Some barcodes do not contain white and black bars, but more like black and white spaces in a 2D, or two-dimensional , target. They cannot be read by standard machines, but usually hold and provide more information than a regular barcode.

This type of reader takes more exact light readings, preventing scanner errors or false positives. A laser scanner works when a laser beam is reflected off a mirror and then moved over the barcode. The level of reflection is measured and translated into a digital signal readout.